DWI AYU LARASATI

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES, RELATIVE CLAUSES AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

NAMA DOSEN : DEVI ARYANI

DWI AYU LARASATI

22213664

3EB22

FAKULTAS EKONOMI JURUSAN AKUNTANSI

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

2016

ACTIVE SENTENCES

A verb is said to be in active voice when the subject performs the verb.

Look at this example of the active voice :

Active voice is a quality of a verb that describes when its subject is acting out the verb. When the opposite is true (i.e., the subject of the sentence is being acted upon by the verb), it is said to be in passive voice.

EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE SENTENCES

The kite soared high in the air.
The children shielded their eyes from the bright sun.
A squirrel quickly ran across the grass to climb a giant tree.
Paul imagined the animals different cloud shapes could from.
The ants swarmed the picnic with military precision.

PASSIVE SENTENCES

A Verb is said to be in the passive voice when its subject does not perform the action of the verb. In fact, the action is performed on the subject.

Look at this example of the passive voice :

Passive voice is a quality of a verb that describes when the subject of a sentence is acted upon by the verb. When the opposite is true (i.e., the subject of the sentence is acting out the verb), it is said to be in active voice.

EXAMPLE OF PASSIVE SENTENCES

Everyone was startled by the power outage.
A scream was heard coming from across the house.
The candles were extinguished as we rushed to the scream.
The crime was illuminated shortly by flashes of lightning.
Lieutenant Lavender was caught by the brilliant detective Educator Emerald.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

What is Relative Clauses?

A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause. It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a sentence. It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective—it gives more information about a noun. A relative clause always begins with a “relative pronoun,” which substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined.

The relative pronouns are :

Who	For people	Can substitute for subject nouns/pronouns (he, she, we, they )
Whom	For people	can substitute for object nouns/pronouns (him, her, us, them)
Whose	For people	can substitute for possessive nouns/pronouns (his, hers, our, their)
That	For people or things	can be either subject or object can only be used in restrictive relative clauses (see below)
Which	For things	can be either subject or object can be used in non-restrictive relative clauses can also be used in restrictive relative clauses, though some people don’t like this use

EXAMPLE OF PASSAGE CONTAIN RELATIVE CLAUSES

Several options were recommended for treating the patient's arthritis. One of the options that we considered was using indomethacin. Indomethacin which is one of the most commonly used antiinflammatory drugs was not successful, so we decided to use piroxicam which is known to have fewer side effects. The patient responded well to this treatment, her response was a relief to us.

Note :

Red mark ( that, which and which) in Paragraphs above is part of the Relative Pronouns.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES THEORY

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example of Conditional Sentence Type 1 :

§ If it rains, you will get wet.

§ You will get wet if it rains.

§ If Sally is late again I will be mad.

§ I will be mad if Sally is late again.

§ If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.

2. Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.